[
  {
    "id": "systems-and-methods-for-detecting-social-diversity-and-inclusion",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Systems and Methods for Detecting Social Diversity and Inclusion",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/systems-and-methods-for-detecting-social-diversity-and-inclusion/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2021
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Patent Application. No. 63/133"
  },
  {
    "id": "the-computational-content-analyst-using-machine-learning-to-classify-media-messages",
    "type": "book",
    "title": "The Computational Content Analyst: Using Machine Learning to Classify Media Messages",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/the-computational-content-analyst-using-machine-learning-to-classify-media-messages/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2024
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "The Computational Content Analyst: Using Machine Learning to Classify Media Messages",
    "ISBN": "9781032846309"
  },
  {
    "id": "agendamelding-news-social-media-audiences-and-civic-community",
    "type": "book",
    "title": "Agendamelding: News, social media, audiences, and civic community",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Shaw",
        "given": "D."
      },
      {
        "family": "Minooie",
        "given": "M."
      },
      {
        "family": "Aikat",
        "given": "D."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/agendamelding-news-social-media-audiences-and-civic-community/",
    "DOI": "10.3726/b15023",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2019
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Agendamelding: News, social media, audiences, and civic community"
  },
  {
    "id": "content-is-king-news-media-management-in-the-digital-age",
    "type": "book",
    "title": "Content is king: News media management in the digital age",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Graham",
        "given": "G."
      },
      {
        "family": "Greenhill",
        "given": "A."
      },
      {
        "family": "Shaw",
        "given": "D."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/content-is-king-news-media-management-in-the-digital-age/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2015
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Content is king: News media management in the digital age"
  },
  {
    "id": "reinforcing-attitudes-in-a-gatewatching-news-era-individual-level-antecedents-to-sharing",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Reinforcing attitudes in a gatewatching news era: Individual–level antecedents to sharing fact–checks on social media",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Amazeen",
        "given": "M."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/reinforcing-attitudes-in-a-gatewatching-news-era-individual-level-antecedents-to-sharing/",
    "DOI": "10.1080/03637751.2018.1521984",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2018
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Communication Monographs",
    "volume": "86",
    "issue": "1",
    "page-first": "112",
    "page-last": "132",
    "abstract": "Amidst fundamental changes to the news industry, relatively little is known about who posts fact-checks online despite the increasing presence of fact-checking in society. Based upon a content analysis of Facebook and Twitter digital trace data and a linked online survey (N = 783), this study assesses three sets of individual-level attributes influencing the sharing of fact-checks in political conversations on social media: demographics, behaviors, and motivational states. Results show that posting fact-checks is linked to age, ideology, and political behaviors. Moreover, an individual’s need for orientation (NFO) is an even stronger predictor of sharing a fact-check than ideological intensity or relevance, alone, and also influences the type of fact- check format (with or without a ratings scale) that is shared. Thus, in an environment increasingly marked by social curation rather than only by the producers of news, the motivational state described by NFO has important implications beyond just news consumption by also accounting for news sharing, as well. Finally, consistent with inoculation theory, participants generally shared fact-checks to reinforce their existing attitudes. Consequently, concerns over the effects of fact-checking should move beyond a limited-effects approach (e.g., changing attitudes) to also include resisting misinformation and reinforcing accurate beliefs.",
    "page": "112-132",
    "keyword": "fact-checking, inoculation theory, need for orientation, persuasion"
  },
  {
    "id": "incivility-on-popular-politics-and-news-subreddits-an-analysis-of-in-groups-community-gu",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Incivility on popular politics and news subreddits: An analysis of in-groups, community guidelines and relationships with social media engagement [Accepted October 27, 2025]",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C. J."
      },
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/incivility-on-popular-politics-and-news-subreddits-an-analysis-of-in-groups-community-gu/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2025
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Social Science Computer Review",
    "abstract": "Political and news subreddits are individualistic as it pertains to the incivility we might expect them to exhibit; some have clear in-group members , and all have varying degrees of content moderation policies. We sample submissions (n = 127,870) and comments (n = 2,576,049) from 20 of the most popular news and politics subreddits from June 4th, 2021, to June 4th, 2022. All subreddits appear to be mostly civil, with incivility most commonly occurring in comments. When incivility occurs, it tends to take on less-severe forms including insults, profanity, and general toxicity. Subreddits with with clear political in-groups did exhibit more insults, toxicity, profanity, and identity- based attacks. The more complex a subreddit’s moderation policies, the less incivility was observed. Finally, uncivil submissions do result in a mild increase in engagement, but given the overall low prevalence of incivility observed, it appears not to be integral to a subreddit’s overall engagement.",
    "keyword": "incivility, Reddit, content moderation, community guidelines, in-groups 1."
  },
  {
    "id": "mainstream-news-media-trust-countermedia-attendance-and-political-learning",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Mainstream news media trust, countermedia attendance, and political learning",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      },
      {
        "family": "Ferrucci",
        "given": "P."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C. J."
      },
      {
        "family": "Mays",
        "given": "B."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/mainstream-news-media-trust-countermedia-attendance-and-political-learning/",
    "DOI": "10.1177/10776990251329044",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2025
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly"
  },
  {
    "id": "breaking-agenda-setting-boundaries-a-multi-dimensional-approach-to-understanding-salienc",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Breaking Agenda Setting Boundaries: A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Understanding Salience of Gun Control in the Polarized Public Sphere",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C. J."
      },
      {
        "family": "Minooie",
        "given": "M."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/breaking-agenda-setting-boundaries-a-multi-dimensional-approach-to-understanding-salienc/",
    "DOI": "10.1080/15205436.2024.2333972",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2025
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Mass Communication & Society",
    "volume": "28",
    "issue": "3",
    "page-first": "530",
    "page-last": "553",
    "abstract": "We reexamine agenda setting by analyzing the salience of gun control within diverse U.S. audience groups. Utilizing data spanning from 2015 to 2022, we investigate the impact of traditional media, partisan media coverage, discourse on Twitter (now X), real-world gun-related events, and Google Trends search behavior on the perceived importance of gun control. Our findings indicate that while traditional media and Twitter discourse do not significantly sway the salience of gun control, partisan media coverage and specific information-seeking search behaviors do. Notably, media opposing an audience's political ideology and searches for gun- related information are influential. The effect of real-world shooting events on issue salience is complex, with shootings influencing liberals, but which conservatives showing an initial decrease in perceived importance for conservatives. Our approach explains issue salience for all ideological groups quite well and offers the most comprehensive understanding of the interplay between personal experiences, search behaviors, and a polarized media environment in shaping public salience on gun control to date.",
    "page": "530-553",
    "keyword": "gun control, agendamelding, agenda setting, gun violence, need for orientation"
  },
  {
    "id": "balancing-brand-safety-and-user-engagement-in-a-two-sided-market-an-analysis-of-content",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Balancing Brand Safety and User Engagement in a Two-Sided Market: An Analysis of Content Monetization on Reddit",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C. J."
      },
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      },
      {
        "family": "Agarwal",
        "given": "P."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/balancing-brand-safety-and-user-engagement-in-a-two-sided-market-an-analysis-of-content/",
    "DOI": "10.1080/10641734.2023.2301621",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2024
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising",
    "volume": "45",
    "issue": "2",
    "page-first": "242",
    "page-last": "256",
    "abstract": "Advertisers aim to avoid content containing controversy, sex, violence, and profanity, while platforms like Reddit aim to monetize as much content with ads as possible. This research explores the dynamics of content monetization in the two-sided market of social media, focusing on Reddit's brand safety system's effectiveness in shielding advertisers from unsafe user- generated content (UGC). Analyzing 2,267 active subreddits and 2.74 million submissions over three months in 2022. 55% to 66% of subreddits with relatively high toxicity deemed acceptable for advertising. Overall, brand safety on reddit seems to only affect 15% of submissions, with 85% deemed safe for advertising. Inconsistencies in blocking highly toxic subreddits suggest factors like subreddit size may impact Reddit’s brand safety decisions. Together it appears that Reddit's economic motivations in content monetization outweigh advertiser pressure for brand safety. This research underscores the need for more transparent and precise brand safety solutions. It also suggests advertiser concern to appearing alongside “unsafe” content, is overblown as no advertisers have spoken out against brand safety on Reddit.",
    "page": "242-256"
  },
  {
    "id": "agendamelding-and-covid-19-the-dance-of-horizontal-and-vertical-media-in-a-pandemic",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Agendamelding and COVID-19: the dance of horizontal and vertical media in a pandemic",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Minooie",
        "given": "M."
      },
      {
        "family": "Taylor",
        "given": "B."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/agendamelding-and-covid-19-the-dance-of-horizontal-and-vertical-media-in-a-pandemic/",
    "DOI": "10.3389/fpos.2023.1021855",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2023
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Frontiers in Political Science. (5)2023"
  },
  {
    "id": "is-online-textual-political-expression-associated-with-political-knowledge-communication",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Is Online Textual Political Expression Associated with Political Knowledge? Communication Research, 52(1), 32–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502221113808",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      },
      {
        "family": "Ferrucci",
        "given": "P."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Liu",
        "given": "L."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/is-online-textual-political-expression-associated-with-political-knowledge-communication/",
    "DOI": "10.1177/00936502221113808",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2025
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Is Online Textual Political Expression Associated with Political Knowledge? Communication Research",
    "volume": "52",
    "issue": "1",
    "page-first": "32",
    "page-last": "60",
    "page": "32-60"
  },
  {
    "id": "reflections-on-a-legacy-thoughts-from-scholars-about-agenda-setting-past-and-future",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Reflections on a Legacy: Thoughts from Scholars about Agenda-Setting Past and Future",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Schmierbach",
        "given": "M."
      },
      {
        "family": "McCombs",
        "given": "M."
      },
      {
        "family": "Valenzuela",
        "given": "S."
      },
      {
        "family": "Dearing",
        "given": "J. W."
      },
      {
        "family": "Guo",
        "given": "L."
      },
      {
        "family": "Iyengar",
        "given": "S."
      },
      {
        "family": "Kiousis",
        "given": "S."
      },
      {
        "family": "Kosicki",
        "given": "G. M."
      },
      {
        "family": "Meraz",
        "given": "S."
      },
      {
        "family": "Scheufele",
        "given": "D. A."
      },
      {
        "family": "Stoycheff",
        "given": "E."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Weaver",
        "given": "D. H."
      },
      {
        "family": "Willnat",
        "given": "L. W."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/reflections-on-a-legacy-thoughts-from-scholars-about-agenda-setting-past-and-future/",
    "DOI": "10.1080/15205436.2022.2067725",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2022
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Mass Communication and Society",
    "volume": "25",
    "issue": "4",
    "page-first": "500",
    "page-last": "527",
    "page": "500-527"
  },
  {
    "id": "public-agendamelding-in-the-united-states-assessing-the-relative-influence-of-different",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Public \"agendamelding\" in the United States: Assessing the relative influence of different types of online news on partisan agendas from 2015 to 2020",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/public-agendamelding-in-the-united-states-assessing-the-relative-influence-of-different/",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19331681.2021.1972893",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2022
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Journal of Information Technology & Politics. 19(3)",
    "page-first": "284",
    "page-last": "301",
    "page": "284-301"
  },
  {
    "id": "the-effect-of-corporate-media-ownership-on-depth-of-local-coverage-and-issue-agendas-a-c",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "The Effect of Corporate Media Ownership on Depth of Local Coverage and Issue Agendas: A Computational Case Study of Six Sinclair TV Station Websites",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Blankenship",
        "given": "J."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/the-effect-of-corporate-media-ownership-on-depth-of-local-coverage-and-issue-agendas-a-c/",
    "DOI": "10.1177/19312431211043483",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2022
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Electronic News",
    "volume": "15",
    "issue": "3-4",
    "page-first": "139",
    "page-last": "158",
    "abstract": "Sinclair Broadcast Group owns over 170 US television stations. Using agenda setting and agenda cutting as a theoretical lens, this study quantifies the effect of Sinclair ownership by analyzing over 340,000 news stories from six station websites over four years through time series modeling. Sinclair ownership negatively changes total news stories output for all six outlets. The percentage of news that is local continues to decline at all but one station. This decline predates Sinclair but continues to date. Stations appear to rely on syndicated (a.k.a., reposted) coverage more than ever, but this again predates Sinclair. An agenda cutting effect was observed; Sinclair cut party politics coverage at all six stations.",
    "page": "139-158",
    "keyword": "Media Ownership, Sinclair Broadcasting, Issue Agendas, Time Series Analysis 2 Corporate Media Ownership, Depth of Local Coverage, in particular the consolidation of American media into a handful of"
  },
  {
    "id": "agenda-cutting-versus-agenda-building-does-sponsored-content-influence-corporate-news-co",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Agenda-Cutting Versus Agenda-Building: Does Sponsored Content Influence Corporate News Coverage in U.S",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Amazeen",
        "given": "M."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/agenda-cutting-versus-agenda-building-does-sponsored-content-influence-corporate-news-co/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2021
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Media? International Journal of Communication 15(2021)",
    "page-first": "1",
    "page-last": "22",
    "abstract": "Sponsored content articles (N = 2,711) from 27 major U.S. corporations were analyzed across five years in the New York Times, the Washington Post, and the Wall Street Journal. The degree to which sponsored content predicted significant changes in corporate news coverage was investigated for elite media and U.S. online media. Corporate-sponsored content appeared to mildly suppress coverage of that corporation in online news. This effect, known as agenda cutting, happened both inside elite media and across the media landscape. Conversely, agenda building, or instances where sponsored content resulted in more media coverage, was very rare. We suggest that “content studios,” the departments of news media organizations that create sponsored content, may be exhibiting an agenda setting effect more akin to traditional advertising departments, which have been known to suppress critical coverage of corporations that pay for ads.",
    "page": "1-22",
    "keyword": "sponsored content, native advertising, agenda cutting, agenda building, agenda setting"
  },
  {
    "id": "sharing-native-advertising-on-twitter-content-analyses-examining-disclosure-practices-an",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Sharing Native Advertising on Twitter: Content Analyses Examining Disclosure Practices and Their Inoculating Influence",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Amazeen",
        "given": "M."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/sharing-native-advertising-on-twitter-content-analyses-examining-disclosure-practices-an/",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1461670x.2021.1906298",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2021
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Journalism Studies 22(7)",
    "page-first": "916",
    "page-last": "933",
    "abstract": "Based upon a 3-year data set of Tweets linking to native advertising from leading U.S. news publications, this study provides human content analyses (n = 1,527) of the practice of native advertising disclosure in the field – both on publisher websites and when shared on Twitter – and explores whether disclosures serve the inoculating function of resistance to persuasion. Leveraging the Persuasion Knowledge Model (Friestad & Wright, 1994) and inoculation theory (McGuire, 1964), results show a) regular use of disclosures on publisher landing pages, b) the absence of disclosures in over half of publisher Twitter Cards, and c) the presence of disclosures corresponded to an increased likelihood of negatively-valenced Twitter posts. Keywords. Persuasion Knowledge Model, inoculation theory, native advertising, social media, journalism SHARING NATIVE ADVERTISING ON TWITTER Sharing Native Advertising on Twitter: Content Analyses Examining Disclosure Practices and Their Inoculating Influence As consumers increasingly ignore, skip, and block advertising, businesses that rely on it have turned to narrative and storytelling formats to get their message in front of an audience. At the same time, news publishers have had to contend with a precipitous drop in advertising revenue as advertisers transition away from the traditional display and classified advertising that supported news organizat",
    "page": "916-933"
  },
  {
    "id": "exposure-to-difference-on-facebook-trust-and-political-knowledge",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Exposure to Difference on Facebook, Trust, and Political Knowledge",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      },
      {
        "family": "Ferrucci",
        "given": "P."
      },
      {
        "family": "Fisher",
        "given": "J."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/exposure-to-difference-on-facebook-trust-and-political-knowledge/",
    "DOI": "10.1080/15205436.2020.1823002",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2020
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Mass Communication & Society. 23(6)",
    "page-first": "779",
    "page-last": "809",
    "page": "779-809"
  },
  {
    "id": "predictors-of-international-news-flow-exploring-a-networked-global-media-system",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Predictors of international news flow: Exploring a networked global media system",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Guo",
        "given": "L."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/predictors-of-international-news-flow-exploring-a-networked-global-media-system/",
    "DOI": "10.1080/08838151.2020.1796391",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2020
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 64(3)",
    "page-first": "418",
    "page-last": "437",
    "abstract": "This study examines a networked global media system by discerning what drives international news flow in multiple dimensions. A network analysis of news coverage from news websites in 67 countries and their interactions in 2015 reveals that structural factors not only predict a country’s international attention, but also its transnational intermedia agenda-setting (IAS) power —the power to influence international discourse. Rationales that drive different dimensions of news flow vary. For instance, our results show that economically influential and more populous countries continue to set the world news agenda in reporting international politics, but smaller countries may have the potential to determine how their own countries are portrayed by the outside world. In addition, trade volume explains international news flow in several ways. Overall, this article advances prior literature by demonstrating that international news flow is multilayered, networked, and possesses systemness and fluidity.",
    "page": "418-437",
    "keyword": "international news flow, network analysis, intermedia agenda setting (IAS), suggesting that world powers such as the United States are"
  },
  {
    "id": "why-do-people-share-ideologically-extreme-false-and-misleading-content-on-social-media-a",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Why Do People Share Ideologically Extreme, False, and Misleading Content on Social Media? A Self–Report and Trace Data–Based Analysis of Countermedia Content Dissemination on Facebook and Twitter",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      },
      {
        "family": "Ferrucci",
        "given": "P."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/why-do-people-share-ideologically-extreme-false-and-misleading-content-on-social-media-a/",
    "DOI": "10.1093/hcr/hqz022",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2020
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Human Communication Research",
    "volume": "46",
    "issue": "4",
    "page-first": "357",
    "page-last": "384",
    "abstract": "This study correlated self-report and trace data measures of political incivility. Specifically, we asked respondents to provide estimates of the degree to which they engage in uncivil political communication online. These estimates were then compared to computational measures of uncivil social media discussion behavior. The results indicated that those that self- disclose uncivil online behavior also tend to generate content on social media that is uncivil as identified by Google’s Perspective Application Programming Interface. Taken as a whole, this work suggests that combining self-report and behavioral trace data may be a fruitful means of developing multi-method measures of complex communication behaviors.",
    "page": "357-384",
    "keyword": "incivility, political discussion, toxicity, survey, computational social sciences Manuscript word count (including body, citations, endnotes, tables and figures): 7"
  },
  {
    "id": "associations-between-advertisement-negativity-and-political-advertisement-engagement-a-c",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Associations between advertisement negativity and political advertisement engagement: A computational case study of Russian–linked Facebook and Instagram content",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/associations-between-advertisement-negativity-and-political-advertisement-engagement-a-c/",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1077699020911884",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2020
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. 97(3)",
    "page-first": "743",
    "page-last": "761",
    "page": "743-761"
  },
  {
    "id": "civic-engagement-social-capital-and-ideological-extremity-exploring-online-political-eng",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Civic engagement, social capital, and ideological extremity: Exploring online political engagement and political expression on Facebook",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Ferrucci",
        "given": "P."
      },
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/civic-engagement-social-capital-and-ideological-extremity-exploring-online-political-eng/",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1461444819873110",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2019
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "New Media & Society",
    "volume": "22",
    "issue": "6",
    "page-first": "1095",
    "page-last": "1115",
    "page": "1095-1115"
  },
  {
    "id": "social-capital-as-an-inhibitor-of-online-political-incivility-an-analysis-of-behavioral",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Social capital as an inhibitor of online political incivility: An analysis of behavioral patterns among politically active Facebook users",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/social-capital-as-an-inhibitor-of-online-political-incivility-an-analysis-of-behavioral/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2019
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "International Journal of Communication",
    "volume": "13",
    "issue": "2019",
    "page-first": "4313",
    "page-last": "4333",
    "page": "4313-4333"
  },
  {
    "id": "ewom-across-channels-comparing-the-impact-of-self-enhancement-positivity-bias-and-vengea",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "eWOM across channels: Comparing the impact of self–enhancement, positivity bias and vengeance on Facebook and Twitter",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Gangadharbatla",
        "given": "H."
      },
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/ewom-across-channels-comparing-the-impact-of-self-enhancement-positivity-bias-and-vengea/",
    "DOI": "10.1080/02650487.2019.1593720",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2019
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "International Journal Advertising",
    "volume": "38",
    "issue": "8",
    "page-first": "1153",
    "page-last": "1172",
    "abstract": "Previous word-of-mouth (WOM) research has shown that consumers exhibit a positivity bias when talking about themselves. When sharing personal details, versus talking about others, consumers tend to talk about the positive experiences they have with brands in order to self- enhance amongst friends. At the same time, consumers have been known to vent and take vengeance on brands in public venues. Turning to electronic worth-of-mouth (eWOM) and different social network sites (SNSs) little is known as to the extent to which either is dominant. Moreover, existing eWOM is channel agnostic and has yet to examine eWOM across various new technology-driven settings. To address these gaps, we consider two different SNSs for the same set of users. Facebook and Twitter messages are analyzed for a static group of 783 active U.S. consumers. Computational methods are used to extract historical eWOM messages (n = 47,907). Self-enhancement is found on Facebook and Twitter. Consumers generate eWOM that is more positive when they mention personal experiences (vs. non). While previous research has shown that consumers are more likely to believe and be persuaded by eWOM that contains personal experiences, our research shows that this eWOM also tends to be more positive. By comparison, vengeance and venting was rare, occurring in only 10.3% of eWOM across both SNSs. Moreover, eWOM appears to mirror consumer’s broader, non-eWOM sentiment valence across SNSs. We also suggest that SNS affordances alter eWOM creation. Facebook, has substantial privacy expectations and limits direct brand interactions. Twitter is a more public platform with less privacy expectations and a larger customer service component. As a result, for the static group of consumers studied here eWOM is more prevalent on Twitter, but contrary to our expectations is also more positive. Here we add to the eWOM literature by showing that channel affordances do alter the amount and valence of eWOM generation. 2 EWOM ACROSS CHANNELS",
    "page": "1153-1172"
  },
  {
    "id": "attention-to-issues-and-facts-assessing-the-role-of-need-for-orientation-as-a-predictor",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Attention to issues and facts: Assessing the role of need for orientation as a predictor of political news sharing on Facebook",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/attention-to-issues-and-facts-assessing-the-role-of-need-for-orientation-as-a-predictor/",
    "DOI": "10.1075/asj.18004.var",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2019
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "The Agenda–Setting Journal",
    "volume": "3",
    "issue": "2",
    "page-first": "186",
    "page-last": "207",
    "page": "186-207"
  },
  {
    "id": "fake-news-and-emerging-online-media-ecosystem-an-integrated-intermedia-agenda-setting-an",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "\"Fake news\" and emerging online media ecosystem: An integrated intermedia agenda–setting analysis during the 2016 U.S. presidential election",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Guo",
        "given": "L."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/fake-news-and-emerging-online-media-ecosystem-an-integrated-intermedia-agenda-setting-an/",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0093650218777177",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2020
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Communication Research",
    "volume": "47",
    "issue": "2",
    "page-first": "178",
    "page-last": "200",
    "page": "178-200"
  },
  {
    "id": "correlating-self-report-and-trace-data-measures-of-incivility-a-proof-of-concept",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Correlating self–report and trace data measures of incivility: A proof of concept",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Dixon",
        "given": "L."
      },
      {
        "family": "Thain",
        "given": "N."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/correlating-self-report-and-trace-data-measures-of-incivility-a-proof-of-concept/",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0894439318814241",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2018
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Social Science Computer Review",
    "page-first": "584",
    "page-last": "599",
    "abstract": "This study correlated self-report and trace data measures of political incivility. Specifically, we asked respondents to provide estimates of the degree to which they engage in uncivil political communication online. These estimates were then compared to computational measures of uncivil social media discussion behavior. The results indicated that those that self- disclose uncivil online behavior also tend to generate content on social media that is uncivil as identified by Google’s Perspective Application Programming Interface. Taken as a whole, this work suggests that combining self-report and behavioral trace data may be a fruitful means of developing multi-method measures of complex communication behaviors.",
    "page": "584-599",
    "keyword": "incivility, political discussion, toxicity, survey, computational social sciences Manuscript word count (including body, citations, endnotes, tables and figures): 7"
  },
  {
    "id": "fifty-years-of-agenda-setting-research-new-directions-and-challenges-for-the-theory",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Fifty years of agenda–setting research: New directions and challenges for the theory",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/fifty-years-of-agenda-setting-research-new-directions-and-challenges-for-the-theory/",
    "DOI": "10.1075/asj.18023.var",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2018
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "The Agenda–Setting Journal",
    "volume": "2",
    "issue": "2",
    "page-first": "105",
    "page-last": "123",
    "abstract": "submissions and moderated “50 Years in Agenda Setting Research: Past and Future Perspectives” at the University of Colorado Boulder. 1 The conference had 45 attendees and 27 presentations from universities around the world (see Appendix 1 for a list of attendees and affiliations). As the organizer, I was a bit struck by how well the accepted presentations grouped themselves. They clustered into 9 clear areas. First, there were areas undergoing theoretical expansion: (",
    "page": "105-123"
  },
  {
    "id": "the-agenda-setting-power-of-fake-news-a-big-data-analysis-of-the-online-media-landscape",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "The agenda–setting power of fake news: A big data analysis of the online media landscape from 2014 to 2016",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Guo",
        "given": "L."
      },
      {
        "family": "Amazeen",
        "given": "A."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/the-agenda-setting-power-of-fake-news-a-big-data-analysis-of-the-online-media-landscape/",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1461444817712086",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2018
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "New Media & Society. 20(5) 2028–2049",
    "page-first": "2028",
    "page-last": "2049",
    "page": "2028-2049"
  },
  {
    "id": "global-intermedia-agenda-setting-a-big-data-analysis-of-international-news-flow",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Global intermedia agenda setting: A big data analysis of international news flow",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Guo",
        "given": "L."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/global-intermedia-agenda-setting-a-big-data-analysis-of-international-news-flow/",
    "DOI": "10.1111/jcom.12311",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2017
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Journal of Communication",
    "volume": "67",
    "issue": "4",
    "page-first": "499",
    "page-last": "520",
    "page": "499-520",
    "keyword": "network agenda setting, intermedia agenda setting, partisanship, computational social science 2 NETWORKS, BIG DATA, AND INTERMEDIA AGENDA-SETTING Networks, big data, and intermedia agenda-setting: an analysis of traditional, partisan, White"
  },
  {
    "id": "does-negative-campaign-advertising-stimulate-uncivil-communication-on-social-media-measu",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Does negative campaign advertising stimulate uncivil communication on social media? Measuring audience response using big data",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/does-negative-campaign-advertising-stimulate-uncivil-communication-on-social-media-measu/",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.034",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2017
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Computers in Human Behavior",
    "page-first": "368",
    "page-last": "377",
    "abstract": "Using the 2012 presidential election as a case study, this work set out to understand the relationship between negative political advertising and political incivility on Twitter. Drawing on the stimulation hypothesis and the notion that communication with dissimilar others can encourage incivility, it was predicted that (",
    "page": "368-377"
  },
  {
    "id": "election-related-talk-and-agenda-setting-effects-on-twitter-a-big-data-analysis-of-salie",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Election–related talk and agenda setting effects on Twitter: A big data analysis of salience transfer at different levels of user participation",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "McGregor",
        "given": "S."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/election-related-talk-and-agenda-setting-effects-on-twitter-a-big-data-analysis-of-salie/",
    "DOI": "10.1075/asj.1.1.05mcg",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2017
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "The Agenda–Setting Journal",
    "volume": "1",
    "issue": "1",
    "page-first": "44",
    "page-last": "63",
    "abstract": "Twitter use varies – some users seldom send messages while others tweet frequently. This study explores frequency of use as an antecedent to agenda setting. Viewpoints of agenda setting and issue ownership were used to better understand a longitudinal analysis of 38 million tweets from the 2012 election. Twitter behaviors and media issue ownership were assessed. Certain media “owned” certain issues on Twitter, aligning with partisan affiliation. Moreover, agenda-setting relationships differ by Twitter use. More frequent users of the service aligned more with partisan media, while less active users aligned more with mainstream media. This study provides evidence that behavior on social media results in differing political effects. Further, evidence of a new construct is offered: media issue ownership. Media issue ownership, as an extension of the foundational theory, posits that partisan media prioritize distinct issues that stem from ideological agendas. In turn, audiences differentiate between partisan media in their ability to cover certain issues.",
    "page": "44-63",
    "keyword": "Twitter, agenda setting, big data, issue ownership, media issue ownership, political communication"
  },
  {
    "id": "geographic-and-demographic-correlates-of-autism-related-anti-vaccine-beliefs-on-twitter",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Geographic and demographic correlates of autism–related anti–vaccine beliefs on Twitter, 2009–15",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Tomeny",
        "given": "T."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Toukhy",
        "given": "S."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/geographic-and-demographic-correlates-of-autism-related-anti-vaccine-beliefs-on-twitter/",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.08.041",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2017
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Social Science & Medicine",
    "page-first": "168",
    "page-last": "175",
    "abstract": "This study examines temporal trends, geographic distribution, and demographic correlates of anti-vaccine beliefs on Twitter, 2009-2015. A total of 549,972 tweets were downloaded and coded for the presence of anti-vaccine beliefs through a machine learning algorithm. Tweets with self-disclosed geographic information were resolved and United States Census data were collected for corresponding areas at the micropolitan/metropolitan level. Trends in number of anti-vaccine tweets were examined at the national and state levels over time. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was used to determine census variables that were correlated with anti-vaccination tweet volume. Fifty percent of our sample of 549,972 tweets collected between 2009 and 2015 contained anti-vaccine beliefs. Anti-vaccine tweet volume increased after vaccine-related news coverage. California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania had anti-vaccination tweet volume that deviated from the national average. Demographic characteristics explained 67% of variance in geographic clustering of anti-vaccine tweets, which were associated with a larger population and higher concentrations of women who recently gave birth, households with high income levels, men aged 40 to 44, and men with minimal college education. Monitoring anti-vaccination beliefs on Twitter can uncover vaccine-related concerns and misconceptions, serve as an indicator of shifts in public opinion, and equip pediatricians to refute anti-vaccine arguments. Real-time interventions are needed to counter anti-vaccination beliefs online. Identifying clusters of anti-vaccination beliefs can help public health professionals disseminate targeted/tailored interventions to geographic locations and demographic sectors of the population.",
    "page": "168-175",
    "keyword": "autism spectrum disorder, beliefs, big data, machine learning algorithms, social media, Twitter, vaccines 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26"
  },
  {
    "id": "networks-big-data-and-intermedia-agenda-setting-an-analysis-of-traditional-partisan-and",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Networks, big data, and intermedia agenda–setting: An analysis of traditional, partisan, and emerging online U.S. news",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Guo",
        "given": "L."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/networks-big-data-and-intermedia-agenda-setting-an-analysis-of-traditional-partisan-and/",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1077699016679976",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2017
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly",
    "volume": "94",
    "issue": "4",
    "page-first": "1031",
    "page-last": "1055",
    "page": "1031-1055"
  },
  {
    "id": "big-social-data-analytics-in-journalism-and-mass-communication-comparing-dictionary-base",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Big social data analytics in journalism and mass communication: Comparing dictionary–based text analysis and unsupervised topic modeling",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Guo",
        "given": "L."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Pan",
        "given": "Z."
      },
      {
        "family": "Ding",
        "given": "W."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/big-social-data-analytics-in-journalism-and-mass-communication-comparing-dictionary-base/",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1077699016639231",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2016
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly",
    "volume": "93",
    "issue": "2",
    "page-first": "332",
    "page-last": "359",
    "abstract": "This paper presents an empirical study that investigated and compared two “big data” text analysis methods: dictionary-based analysis, perhaps the most popular automated analysis approach in social science research; and unsupervised topic modeling (i.e., LDA analysis), one of the most widely used algorithms in the field of computer science and engineering. By applying two “big data” methods to make sense of the same dataset—77 million tweets about the 2012 U.S. presidential election, the study provides a starting point for scholars to evaluate the efficacy and validity of different computer-assisted methods for conducting journalism and mass communication research, especially in the area of political communication. Keywords computer-assisted content analysis, unsupervised machine learning, topic modeling, political communication, Twitter 1 BIG SOCIAL DATA ANALYTICS McQuail notes that “the entire study of mass communication is based on the premise that the media have significant effects” (1994, p. 327). However, whether the “premise” still holds true in this transforming media environment remains a question. The latest Gallup polls show that Americans’ confidence in major news media platforms continued to decline in the past few years (Morales, 2012). Instead, people now turn to a wide variety of alternative media outlets such as blogs and social networking sites for news and in",
    "page": "332-359"
  },
  {
    "id": "first-and-second-levels-of-intermedia-agenda-setting-political-advertising-newspapers-an",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "First and second levels of intermedia agenda setting: Political advertising, newspapers, and Twitter during the 2012 U.S. presidential election",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Kim",
        "given": "Y."
      },
      {
        "family": "Gonzenbach",
        "given": "B."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/first-and-second-levels-of-intermedia-agenda-setting-political-advertising-newspapers-an/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2016
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "International Journal of Communication",
    "volume": "10",
    "issue": "2016",
    "page-first": "4550",
    "page-last": "4569",
    "page": "4550-4569"
  },
  {
    "id": "the-agenda-setting-in-the-digital-age-how-we-use-media-to-monitor-civic-life-and-reframe",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "The agenda setting in the digital age: How we use media to monitor civic life and reframe community",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Shaw",
        "given": "D."
      },
      {
        "family": "Mousa",
        "given": "I."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Minooie",
        "given": "M."
      },
      {
        "family": "Cole",
        "given": "R."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/the-agenda-setting-in-the-digital-age-how-we-use-media-to-monitor-civic-life-and-reframe/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2016
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Jordan Journal of Social Sciences",
    "volume": "9",
    "issue": "1",
    "page-first": "125",
    "page-last": "139",
    "page": "125-139"
  },
  {
    "id": "toward-a-tweet-typology-a-study-of-brand-message-content-types-and-corresponding-consume",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Toward a tweet typology: A study of brand message content types and corresponding consumer engagement on social media",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/toward-a-tweet-typology-a-study-of-brand-message-content-types-and-corresponding-consume/",
    "DOI": "10.1080/15252019.2016.1208125",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2016
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Journal of Interactive Advertising",
    "volume": "16",
    "issue": "2",
    "page-first": "157",
    "page-last": "168",
    "abstract": "This study assesses brand messages on Twitter (i.e., tweets broadcasted by a brand) and the contributory engagement a tweet receives. It presents a typology for brand messages that accounts for 92.6% of messages found. Findings offer mild support for self-concept and self- enhancement as drivers of engagement. This research also tests assumptions made by marketers regarding social content. Brand messages that promoted giveaways positively influenced engagement, giving support to Berger’s (2011) behavioral residue claim. Brand messages that mentioned popular culture events and current holidays positively influenced engagement, suggesting that brands that humanize do see benefits. Finally, promotional messages negatively influenced engagement, suggesting that consumers are skeptical of product information that comes directly from brands.",
    "page": "157-168",
    "keyword": "social media marketing, brands, promotions, social networking sites, Twitter, typology, engagement, social networking) presence (Brandwatch, 2013). Following Facebook in 2006, Twitter gained popula"
  },
  {
    "id": "social-capital-political-polarity-and-socioeconomic-status-as-predictors-of-political-in",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Social capital, political polarity, and socioeconomic status as predictors of political incivility on Twitter: A congressional district–level analysis",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/social-capital-political-polarity-and-socioeconomic-status-as-predictors-of-political-in/",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0894439315602858",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2016
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Social Science Computer Review",
    "volume": "35",
    "issue": "1",
    "page-first": "10",
    "page-last": "32",
    "abstract": "Using 414,322 Tweets drawn from 143,404 individual Twitter users located in all 435 U.S. congressional districts, this study employed big data and automated content analysis techniques to explore the degree to which socioeconomic status, social capital potential (i.e., the degree to which a congressional district has the potential for interconnected citizen networks), and in-district partisan polarization were associated with incivility on Twitter during the 2012 presidential election. Broadly speaking, and with some exceptions, the results indicated that election oriented incivility on Twitter was highest in districts that had low socio-economic status indicators, low levels of social capital potential, and low levels of partisan polarity. In its sum, this study shows how large social datasets (i.e., the Census) can be combined with big data to explain social phenomena. Keyword list: incivility, big data, Twitter, social capital, 2012 general election, congressional districts, partisan polarity * Authors contributed equally to this project. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 INCIVILITY ON TWITTER Socioeconomic Status, Social Capital, and Partisan Polarity as Predictors of Political Incivility on Twitter: A Congressional District-Level Analysis Over the past two decades, the rapid proliferation of web-based, socially",
    "page": "10-32"
  },
  {
    "id": "the-power-of-message-networks-a-big-data-analysis-of-the-network-agenda-setting-model-an",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "The power of message networks: A big–data analysis of the network agenda setting model and issue ownership",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Guo",
        "given": "L."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/the-power-of-message-networks-a-big-data-analysis-of-the-network-agenda-setting-model-an/",
    "DOI": "10.1080/15205436.2015.1045300",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2015
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Mass Communication & Society",
    "volume": "18",
    "issue": "5",
    "page-first": "557",
    "page-last": "576",
    "abstract": "This paper presents an empirical study that tests a new concept “issue ownership network,” which is based on the Network Agenda Setting (NAS) Model and the theory of issue ownership. Big data analytics and semantic network analysis were used to examine the large dataset collected on Twitter during the 2012 U.S. presidential election. Results showed that the news media could determine the public’s identification of a political candidate with not just individual issues, but also entire networks of issues. Here we argue that traditional news media still set the public agenda in this new media environment, and do so in ways more complicated through constructing message networks. The study also demonstrates that the NAS model and its unique focus can potentially enrich the understanding of other communication and social science theories and concepts.",
    "page": "557-576",
    "keyword": "Network Agenda Setting Model, agenda setting, issue ownership, network analysis, sentiment analysis, 2013, Guo & McCombs, 2011a, 2011b). Empirical"
  },
  {
    "id": "event-vs-issue-twitter-reflections-of-major-news-a-case-study",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Event vs. issue: Twitter reflections of major news, a case study",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Basilaia",
        "given": "E."
      },
      {
        "family": "Shaw",
        "given": "D."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/event-vs-issue-twitter-reflections-of-major-news-a-case-study/",
    "DOI": "10.1108/s2050-206020150000009009",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2015
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Studies in Media and Communication",
    "page-first": "215",
    "page-last": "239",
    "page": "215-239"
  },
  {
    "id": "media-and-social-stability-how-audiences-create-personal-community",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Media and social stability: How audiences create personal community",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Shaw",
        "given": "D."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/media-and-social-stability-how-audiences-create-personal-community/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2014
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Journalism Bimonthly [in Chinese]",
    "volume": "6",
    "issue": "12",
    "page-first": "16",
    "page-last": "24",
    "page": "16-24"
  },
  {
    "id": "network-issue-agendas-on-twitter-during-the-2012-u-s-presidential-election",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Network issue agendas on Twitter during the 2012 U.S. presidential election",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Guo",
        "given": "L."
      },
      {
        "family": "McCombs",
        "given": "M."
      },
      {
        "family": "Shaw",
        "given": "D."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/network-issue-agendas-on-twitter-during-the-2012-u-s-presidential-election/",
    "DOI": "10.1111/jcom.12089",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2014
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Journal of Communication",
    "volume": "64",
    "issue": "2",
    "page-first": "296",
    "page-last": "316",
    "abstract": "Media influence how the public evaluates issues and candidates. Issues and attributes covered in traditional media tend to be the same issues and attributes the general public perceive to be important. Yet, at an individual level we all have certain preferences and biases that impact the salience of agendas. Motivated reasoning suggests that audiences are inclined to choose agendas that reinforce beliefs. Agendas that are not congruent are typically scrutinized and refuted. This study controls for those with prior negative beliefs, and those without. The moderate ideology of Mitt Romney is examined. Initially, through a macro-level analysis of all users on Twitter, the media coverage appears to influence the general public. From the data, “supporters” for each of the top five Republican candidates were pulled-out and put into test groups. The assumption was made that those who vocally support Romney the most, prior to the news coverage, would apply motivated reasoning and ignore the news coverage. This study finds that supporters who already opposed Romney accepted the attribute, while those who supported Romney ignored it almost completely. These findings are then compared against the Gallup daily tracking poll for the candidates. Here it is found that Twitter appears to agree with public opinion polls. Romney did not lose support from those with conservative ideologies. Instead, he appeared to gain support from those Republicans who identified themselves as moderate and liberal. In conclusion, it appears that motivated reasoning can work in concert with agenda-setting theory to explain media effects.",
    "page": "296-316"
  },
  {
    "id": "is-yik-yak-a-platform-for-political-communication-exploring-college-students-communicati",
    "type": "chapter",
    "title": "Is Yik Yak a platform for political communication? Exploring college students' communication on an emergent social media platform",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/is-yik-yak-a-platform-for-political-communication-exploring-college-students-communicati/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2018
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "N",
    "abstract": "This study used big data and computational methods to explore the degree to which college students use Yik Yak for political expression. While the number of political messages was small relative to the entire corpus, the data suggested that political communication on Yik Yak is responsive to major political events. Moreover, the data suggested that the percentage of political commentary on Yik Yak is negatively associated with size of the undergraduate population, the percent of classes with greater than 50 students, and the number of Greek organizations on campus.",
    "keyword": "Political Communication, Yik Yak, Social Media, College Students, Social Capital, Big Data"
  },
  {
    "id": "exploring-the-network-agenda-setting-model-with-big-social-data",
    "type": "chapter",
    "title": "Exploring the network agenda setting model with big social data",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Guo",
        "given": "L."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/exploring-the-network-agenda-setting-model-with-big-social-data/",
    "DOI": "10.4324/9781315726540",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2015
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "L",
    "ISBN": "9781315726540",
    "abstract": "In the first section of this chapter, we outline the major benefits that a big data study of social media can yield in NAS. The second section outlines in detail the methodological steps needed to complete such a study. For this chapter, we rely on major studies of the 2012 election that captured millions of Tweets and performed big data analytics. The chapter closes with a discussion of future big data, social media NAS studies. Section 1: Why Big Data & Social Media? Big Data is a term that is thrown around loosely. It is used to represent the size of the analysis, not necessarily the scope. So what does big data really bring to the table when it comes to the third-level of agenda-setting analysis? Here we argue power and detail. Power & Detail Big data analysis allows for greater power in effect sizes. Basic statistics tells us that when the n grows, the size of the effect that is needed to be significant shrinks. The statistical value of power can often result in the difference between “approaching significance” and actually reaching it. With this power comes a need for responsibility of the researcher, which we discuss at the end of this chapter. Indeed, the power of big data studies can enable us to control for as many variables as we can muster in regression, and still have significant effect sizes. Moreover, big data sets such as Vargo et al. (2014) allow for great flex"
  },
  {
    "id": "from-ads-to-addiction-the-role-of-online-gambling-advertising-spend-in-problem-gambling",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "From Ads to Addiction: The Role of Online Gambling Advertising Spend in Problem Gambling Search Trends over a Decade",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      },
      {
        "family": "Gangadharbatla",
        "given": "H."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/from-ads-to-addiction-the-role-of-online-gambling-advertising-spend-in-problem-gambling/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2025
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Proceedings of the 58th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences"
  },
  {
    "id": "deciding-to-delete-posts-on-reddit-what-factors-influence-content-removal",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "Deciding to Delete Posts on Reddit: What Factors Influence Content Removal",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Masullo",
        "given": "G."
      },
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/deciding-to-delete-posts-on-reddit-what-factors-influence-content-removal/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2024
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Proceedings of the 57th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences",
    "abstract": "This study uses the sociological theories of deviance and social control to explore factors that contribute to post deletion and/or removal on Reddit’s most active subreddits. Using a random sample of over 1 million Reddit submissions, we show that the presence of language attacking others’ identities is somewhat strikingly associated with both user- initiated content deletion and moderator-initiated content deletion on Reddit. Findings offer insight into what it means to patrol the boundaries of acceptable communication online and what factors may contribute to the decision-making that precedes post deletion on social media platforms.",
    "keyword": "Content deletion, identity threats, toxicity 1."
  },
  {
    "id": "inside-a-social-media-brand-safety-algorithm-a-computational-investigation-of-subreddits",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "Inside a Social Media Brand Safety Algorithm: A Computational Investigation of Subreddits, Toxicity, and Advertising Inventory",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      },
      {
        "family": "Agarwal",
        "given": "P."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/inside-a-social-media-brand-safety-algorithm-a-computational-investigation-of-subreddits/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2023
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Proceedings of the 2023 American Academy of Advertising Annual Conference"
  },
  {
    "id": "incivility-on-popular-politics-and-news-subreddits-an-analysis-of-in-groups-community-gu-2",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "Incivility on Popular Politics and News Subreddits: An Analysis of In-groups, Community Guidelines and Relationships with Social Media Engagement",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/incivility-on-popular-politics-and-news-subreddits-an-analysis-of-in-groups-community-gu-2/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2023
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Proceedings of the 56th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences"
  },
  {
    "id": "the-role-of-artificial-intelligence-ai-in-advertising",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "The Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Advertising",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Gangadharbatla",
        "given": "H."
      },
      {
        "family": "Jones",
        "given": "V."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Ferrel",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Owens",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Li",
        "given": "H."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/the-role-of-artificial-intelligence-ai-in-advertising/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2019
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Proceedings of the 2019 American Academy of Advertising Annual Conference"
  },
  {
    "id": "the-effects-of-ad-negativity-on-political-digital-advertising-engagement-a-computational",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "The effects of ad negativity on political digital advertising engagement: A computational case study of Russian Facebook and Instagram content",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/the-effects-of-ad-negativity-on-political-digital-advertising-engagement-a-computational/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2019
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Proceedings of the 2019 American Academy of Advertising Annual Conference"
  },
  {
    "id": "does-negative-campaign-advertising-stimulate-uncivil-communication-on-social-media-a-big",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "Does negative campaign advertising stimulate uncivil communication on social media? A big data analysis",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/does-negative-campaign-advertising-stimulate-uncivil-communication-on-social-media-a-big/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2016
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Proceedings of the 2016 American Academy of Advertising Conference, 2016, 152–153"
  },
  {
    "id": "social-network-sites-and-social-media-a-new-research-paradigm-for-strategic-communicatio",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "Social network sites and social media: A new research paradigm for strategic communication? Proceedings of the 2013 American Academy of Advertising, 2013, 177–178",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Hester",
        "given": "J."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/social-network-sites-and-social-media-a-new-research-paradigm-for-strategic-communicatio/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2013
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "three-worlds-imagined-through-news-a-cross-national-analysis-of-country-based-issue-owne",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "Three worlds imagined through news: A cross-national analysis of country-based issue-ownership networks",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Wang",
        "given": "Z."
      },
      {
        "family": "Guo",
        "given": "L."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/three-worlds-imagined-through-news-a-cross-national-analysis-of-country-based-issue-owne/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2025
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper accepted for presentation in the International Communication Division at the Annual Conference of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC), San Francisco, CA, United States"
  },
  {
    "id": "divided-by-ads-understanding-partisan-consumerism-through-online-ad-exposure",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "Divided by ads: Understanding partisan consumerism through online ad exposure",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Barrett",
        "given": "B."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C. J."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/divided-by-ads-understanding-partisan-consumerism-through-online-ad-exposure/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2025,
          6,
          16
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented in the \"High-Density: Strategies in Political Advertising and Campaigns\" session at the 75th Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, Denver, CO, United States"
  },
  {
    "id": "mainstream-news-media-trust-countermedia-attendance-and-political-learning-2",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "Mainstream News Media Trust, Countermedia Attendance, and Political Learning",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      },
      {
        "family": "Ferrucci",
        "given": "P."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Mays",
        "given": "B."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/mainstream-news-media-trust-countermedia-attendance-and-political-learning-2/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2024
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented at AEJMC 2024 Annual Conference, Political Communication Division, Philadelphia, PA"
  },
  {
    "id": "the-competing-content-studio-agenda-a-large-scale-analysis-of-sponsored-content-in-elite",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "The Competing \"Content Studio\" Agenda: A Large–scale Analysis of Sponsored Content in Elite U.S",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Amazeen",
        "given": "M."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/the-competing-content-studio-agenda-a-large-scale-analysis-of-sponsored-content-in-elite/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2020
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Newspapers and Its Agenda Cutting Effect on Corporate News"
  },
  {
    "id": "audience-agendamelding-in-the-united-states-assessing-the-relative-influence-of-differen",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "Audience \"agendamelding\" in the United States: assessing the relative influence of different types of online news on partisan agendas from 2015 to 2020",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Liu",
        "given": "L."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/audience-agendamelding-in-the-united-states-assessing-the-relative-influence-of-differen/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2020
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented at AEJMC 2020 Annual Conference, AEJMC 2020 Theory Colloquium on Agendamelding, Online"
  },
  {
    "id": "is-facebook-based-political-talk-associated-with-political-knowledge-paper-presented-at",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "Is Facebook–Based Political Talk Associated with Political Knowledge? Paper presented at AEJMC 2020 Annual Conference, Political Communication Division, Online",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      },
      {
        "family": "Ferrucci",
        "given": "P."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Liu",
        "given": "L."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/is-facebook-based-political-talk-associated-with-political-knowledge-paper-presented-at/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2020
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "agendamelding-at-scale-assessing-the-influence-of-partisan-emerging-mainstream-and-elite",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "Agendamelding at Scale: Assessing the Influence of Partisan, Emerging, Mainstream and Elite News Media on U.S",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C. J."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/agendamelding-at-scale-assessing-the-influence-of-partisan-emerging-mainstream-and-elite/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2020
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Audiences from 2015 to 2019"
  },
  {
    "id": "sharing-native-advertising-on-twitter-evidence-of-the-inoculating-influence-of-disclosur",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "Sharing native advertising on Twitter: Evidence of the inoculating influence of disclosures",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Amazeen",
        "given": "M."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/sharing-native-advertising-on-twitter-evidence-of-the-inoculating-influence-of-disclosur/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2019
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented at AEJMC 2019 Annual Conference, Mass Communication and Society Division, Toronto, Canada"
  },
  {
    "id": "the-effect-of-corporate-media-ownership-on-depth-of-local-coverage-and-issue-agendas-a-c-2",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "The effect of corporate media ownership on depth of local coverage and issue agendas: A computational case study of six Sinclair TV station websites",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Blankenship",
        "given": "J."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/the-effect-of-corporate-media-ownership-on-depth-of-local-coverage-and-issue-agendas-a-c-2/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2019
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented at AEJMC 2019 Annual Conference, Electronic News Division, Toronto, Canada"
  },
  {
    "id": "state-level-demographics-and-tobacco-control-correlates-of-smoking-cessation-behavioral",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "State–level demographics and tobacco–control correlates of smoking cessation behavioral change techniques on Twitter",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Toukhy",
        "given": "S."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      },
      {
        "family": "Choi",
        "given": "T."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/state-level-demographics-and-tobacco-control-correlates-of-smoking-cessation-behavioral/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2018
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented at the 2018 Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD",
    "abstract": "Objective: Identify behavioral change techniques for smoking cessation reflected in discourse on Twitter and explore state-level demographic composition, smoking prevalence, quit rates, smoking-related health conditions, cigarette prices, and tobacco-control expenditures that are associated with smoking cessation tweets volume. Methods: Using Social Studio Radian 6 application programming interface (API), we retrieved tweets containing smoking-related keywords (eg, smoke) from 1/1/2009 to 12/7/2015. We developed a codebook based on Michie et al. (2011) taxonomy for smoking cessation behavioral change techniques. Two coders manually annotated 5715 random tweets, which were then used to build a machine learning algorithm using LightSide. We used geo-tags or self-report location to geocode tweets to the states using Google Maps Places API. We retrieved state-level data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and census data. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was used to identify correlates between tweet volume and state-level variables. Results: A total of 1,431,790 tweets that included behavioral change techniques for smoking cessation were retained for analysis. We identified 10 techniques that fell under four categories: motivation, self- regulatory capacity, adjuvant activities, and information gathering. Variance explained in tweet vol"
  },
  {
    "id": "a-citizen-based-profile-of-fake-news-dissemination-on-facebook",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "A citizen–based profile of fake news dissemination on Facebook",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      },
      {
        "family": "Ferrucci",
        "given": "P."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/a-citizen-based-profile-of-fake-news-dissemination-on-facebook/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2018
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented at AEJMC 2018 Annual Conference, Political Communication Interest Group, Washington, DC"
  },
  {
    "id": "social-capital-civic-engagement-and-identity-exploring-a-model-for-political-talk-on-fac",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "Social capital, civic engagement and identity: Exploring a model for political talk on Facebook",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      },
      {
        "family": "Ferrucci",
        "given": "P."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/social-capital-civic-engagement-and-identity-exploring-a-model-for-political-talk-on-fac/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2018
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented at AEJMC 2018 Annual Conference, Political Communication Interest Group, Washington, DC"
  },
  {
    "id": "who-determines-the-global-news-agenda-a-big-data-analysis-of-international-news-flow-on",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "Who determines the global news agenda? A big data analysis of international news flow on the internet",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Guo",
        "given": "L."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/who-determines-the-global-news-agenda-a-big-data-analysis-of-international-news-flow-on/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2017
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented at ICA 2017, Mass Communication and Society Division (Top Faculty Paper for Journalism Studies Division), San Diego, CA"
  },
  {
    "id": "a-network-approach-to-intermedia-agenda-setting-a-big-data-analysis-of-traditional-parti",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "A network approach to intermedia agenda–setting: A big data analysis of traditional, partisan, and emerging online U.S. news",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Guo",
        "given": "L."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/a-network-approach-to-intermedia-agenda-setting-a-big-data-analysis-of-traditional-parti/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2016
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented at AEJMC 2016 Annual Conference, Online News Division, Minneapolis, MN"
  },
  {
    "id": "is-yik-yak-a-platform-for-political-communication-exploring-college-students-communicati-2",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "Is Yik Yak a platform for political communication? Exploring college students' communication on an emergent social media platform",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/is-yik-yak-a-platform-for-political-communication-exploring-college-students-communicati-2/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2016
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Digital discussions: How big data informs political communication"
  },
  {
    "id": "the-power-of-issue-ownership-network-a-big-data-analysis-of-the-2012-u-s-presidential-el",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "The power of \"issue ownership network\": A big–data analysis of the 2012 U.S. presidential election",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Guo",
        "given": "L."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/the-power-of-issue-ownership-network-a-big-data-analysis-of-the-2012-u-s-presidential-el/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2015
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented at ICA 2015, Political Communication Division, San Juan, Puerto Rico"
  },
  {
    "id": "the-effect-of-partisanship-on-changes-in-newspaper-consumption-a-longitudinal-study-2008",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "The effect of partisanship on changes in newspaper consumption: A longitudinal study (2008–2012)",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Hopp",
        "given": "T."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/the-effect-of-partisanship-on-changes-in-newspaper-consumption-a-longitudinal-study-2008/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2015
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented at AEJMC 2015 Annual Conference, Mass Communication & Society Division, San Francisco, CA"
  },
  {
    "id": "first-and-second-levels-of-intermedia-agenda-setting-political-advertising-newspapers-an-2",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "First and second levels of intermedia agenda setting: Political advertising, newspapers and Twitter postings during the 2012 U.S. presidential election",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Kim",
        "given": "Y."
      },
      {
        "family": "Gonzenbach",
        "given": "B."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/first-and-second-levels-of-intermedia-agenda-setting-political-advertising-newspapers-an-2/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2015
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented at ICA 2015, CAT Division, San Juan, Puerto Rico"
  },
  {
    "id": "the-emerging-papyrus-society-how-we-are-using-media-to-monitor-civic-life-find-personal",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "The emerging papyrus society: How we are using media to monitor civic life, find personal community and create private identity",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Shaw",
        "given": "D."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Cole",
        "given": "R."
      },
      {
        "family": "Minooie",
        "given": "M."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/the-emerging-papyrus-society-how-we-are-using-media-to-monitor-civic-life-find-personal/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2014
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented at the Arab–U.S"
  },
  {
    "id": "network-issue-agendas-on-twitter-during-the-2012-u-s-presidential-election-2",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "Network issue agendas on Twitter during the 2012 U.S. presidential election",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Guo",
        "given": "L."
      },
      {
        "family": "Shaw",
        "given": "D."
      },
      {
        "family": "McCombs",
        "given": "M. E."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/network-issue-agendas-on-twitter-during-the-2012-u-s-presidential-election-2/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2013
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented at AEJMC 2013 Annual Conference, Mass Communication Division, Washington, DC"
  },
  {
    "id": "when-motivated-reasoning-mediates-agenda-setting-effects-in-the-2012-republican-presiden",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "When motivated reasoning mediates agenda setting: Effects in the 2012 Republican presidential primaries",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Shaw",
        "given": "D."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/when-motivated-reasoning-mediates-agenda-setting-effects-in-the-2012-republican-presiden/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2013
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented at the Annual Conference of Media and the Public Sphere, Athens, Georgia"
  },
  {
    "id": "the-media-and-social-stability-how-audiences-create-personal-community",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "The media and social stability: How audiences create personal community",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Shaw",
        "given": "D."
      },
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/the-media-and-social-stability-how-audiences-create-personal-community/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2012
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented at the International Forum of Higher Education in Media and Communication, Beijing, China"
  },
  {
    "id": "internet-advertising-interactive-computer-services-liability-immunity-as-provided-by-the",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "Internet advertising & interactive computer services: Liability & immunity as provided by the Communications Decency Act",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/internet-advertising-interactive-computer-services-liability-immunity-as-provided-by-the/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2012
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented at the 2012 Annual Southeast Colloquium of the AEJMC, Blacksburg, VA"
  },
  {
    "id": "the-unintended-consequences-of-moderate-mitt-the-ideologies-of-mitt-romney-second-level",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "The unintended consequences of \"Moderate Mitt:\" The ideologies of Mitt Romney & second‐level agenda setting",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      },
      {
        "family": "Arguello",
        "given": "J."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/the-unintended-consequences-of-moderate-mitt-the-ideologies-of-mitt-romney-second-level/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2012
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented at AEJMC 2012 Annual Conference, Chicago, IL"
  },
  {
    "id": "twitter-as-public-salience-an-agenda-setting-analysis",
    "type": "paper-conference",
    "title": "Twitter as public salience: An agenda–setting analysis",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/twitter-as-public-salience-an-agenda-setting-analysis/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2011
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Paper presented at AEJMC 2011 Annual Conference, St"
  },
  {
    "id": "note-from-the-editor-online-conference-follow-up",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Note from the editor: Online conference follow-up",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C. J."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/note-from-the-editor-online-conference-follow-up/",
    "DOI": "10.1075/asj.00009.edi",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2021
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "The Agenda Setting Journal",
    "volume": "5",
    "issue": "1",
    "page-first": "1",
    "page-last": "7",
    "page": "1-7"
  },
  {
    "id": "note-from-the-editor",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Note from the editor",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C. J."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/note-from-the-editor/",
    "DOI": "10.1075/asj.00007.edi",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2020
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "The Agenda Setting Journal",
    "volume": "4",
    "issue": "2",
    "page-first": "171",
    "page-last": "172",
    "page": "171-172"
  },
  {
    "id": "note-from-the-editor-key-advantages-of-submitting-work-to-the-agenda-setting-journal",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Note from the editor: Key advantages of submitting work to the agenda setting journal",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C. J."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/note-from-the-editor-key-advantages-of-submitting-work-to-the-agenda-setting-journal/",
    "DOI": "10.1075/asj.00002.edi",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2019
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "The Agenda Setting Journal",
    "volume": "3",
    "issue": "2",
    "page-first": "103",
    "page-last": "105",
    "page": "103-105"
  },
  {
    "id": "note-from-the-editor-2",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Note from the editor",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C. J."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/note-from-the-editor-2/",
    "DOI": "10.1075/asj.00001.edi",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2019
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "The Agenda Setting Journal",
    "volume": "3",
    "issue": "1",
    "page-first": "1",
    "page-last": "2",
    "page": "1-2"
  },
  {
    "id": "brand-safety-and-contextual-suitability-with-machine-learning-applications",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Brand safety and contextual suitability with machine learning applications",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C. J."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/brand-safety-and-contextual-suitability-with-machine-learning-applications/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2025,
          4,
          8
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Invited guest lecture for Computational Advertising (graduate level)"
  },
  {
    "id": "doing-new-media-research-methods-strategy-and-emerging-directions",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Doing new media research: Methods, strategy, and emerging directions",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C. J."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/doing-new-media-research-methods-strategy-and-emerging-directions/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2025,
          5,
          6
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Invited guest lecture for \"New Media Research\" (graduate level)"
  },
  {
    "id": "agenda-setting-theory-foundations-and-modern-applications",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Agenda setting theory: Foundations and modern applications",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C. J."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/agenda-setting-theory-foundations-and-modern-applications/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2024,
          9,
          24
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Invited guest lecture delivered via Zoom to incoming M.S. in Journalism students"
  },
  {
    "id": "computational-social-science-across-academia-and-industry",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Computational social science across academia and industry",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C. J."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/computational-social-science-across-academia-and-industry/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2023,
          7,
          11
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Invited guest lecture at the Summer Institute in Computational Social Science (SICSS–Beijing)"
  },
  {
    "id": "big-data-methods-for-communication-research",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Big data methods for communication research",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C. J."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/big-data-methods-for-communication-research/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2020,
          10,
          28
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "Invited guest lecture delivered via Zoom to COMM 7020 (graduate level)"
  },
  {
    "id": "invited-research-talk-in-the-information-science-seminar-series-department-of-informatio",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "title": "Invited research talk in the Information Science seminar series, Department of Information Science, University of Colorado Boulder",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Vargo",
        "given": "C. J."
      }
    ],
    "URL": "https://chrisjvargo.com/publications/invited-research-talk-in-the-information-science-seminar-series-department-of-informatio/",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2019,
          4,
          10
        ]
      ]
    }
  }
]